Research on radiation protection factors of basic ship structures
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摘要: 核辐射环境中，舰船、坦克的辐射屏蔽特性关乎着核安全、防护、效应评估以及决策应对等实际应用问题。瞄准舰船的核辐射屏蔽性能开展研究。针对舰船材料及典型结构，采用中子-光子耦合输运方法，定量给出中子源、γ源同时辐照下的辐射屏蔽效能。通过借助大规模并行技术，实现了该深穿透屏蔽问题的高效模拟。该辐照屏蔽研究中考虑了入射中子和γ以及次级γ粒子的综合叠加效应。通过模拟中子和γ分别入射不同厚度、不同材料壳体后的注量、剂量、能谱演化，计算获得了屏蔽体的入射中子、入射γ射线、中子和次级γ及其综合屏蔽因子，给出腔内的屏蔽因子分布规律，材料包括Fe、Al、Pb、船体材料HSLA100钢等，辐射源包括单能中子、单能γ以及核泄漏中子谱和γ谱。研究成果将为船体、坦克等的辐射防护性能的深入分析奠定基础，为核辐射效应评估、应急处理等提供理论支撑。Abstract: In nuclear radiation environment, the radiation protection of vehicles such as ships and tanks is crucial for nuclear safety, radiation protection, radiation damage assessment, response and decision-making. This paper does research on ships’ radiation shielding performance. Using ship materials and typical structures, neutron-photon coupling transportation method is adopted to quantitatively simulate ship’s radiation shielding performance, under neutron and γ’ simultaneous irradiation. By utilizing large-scale parallel technology, efficient simulation has been achieved for deep-penetrating problem. The simulation of radiation transportation process considers incident neutrons, γ and even secondary particles. For basic shape models such as plate, cavity with different thicknesses and materials, it simulates neutron and γ's transportation in gas and materials, monitors particles flux, dose, and energy spectrum. The radiation protection factors(RPF) for neutrons, γ rays, and both are simulated and analyzed. It studies RPF influence rules with key parameter such as plate thicknesses, incident angles. The materials researched include Fe, Al, Pb, HSLA100 steel, and the radiation sources include single energy neutron, and nuclear leaked neutron and γ spectra. These results will contribute to the analysis of vehicles’ radiation protection performance, and provide theoretical support for nuclear radiation effect assessment, emergency response, etc.
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Key words:
- neutron /
- gamma /
- radiation protection factor /
- ship materials /
- cavity /
- plate
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图 5 1/FNP随板材边界尺寸的变化趋势(Al板厚15 cm)
Figure 5. 1/FNP vs side length (Al slab with thickness 15 cm )
图 6 1 MeV中子穿过不同板型材料的辐射衰减率
Figure 6. Radiation attenuation ratio of different slab materials for 1 MeV neutrons
图 7 不同中子能量入射不同厚度钢板后的辐射衰减率
Figure 7. Radiation attenuation ratio vs steel slab thicknesses for different neutron incident energies
图 8 中子谱入射不同厚度HSLA100的辐射衰减率
Figure 8. Radiation attenuation ratio vs steel slab thicknesses for neutron spectra
图 9 1 MeV γ入射不同板型材料的辐射衰减率
Figure 9. Radiation attenuation ratio of different slab materials for 1 MeV γ
图 10 Littleboy 裂变γ谱入射不同厚度HSLA100的辐射衰减率
Figure 10. Radiation attenuation ratio vs steel slab thicknesses for Little Boy γ spectra
图 11 中子和γ同时入射钢板的几种辐射衰减率对比
Figure 11. Total radiation attenuation ratio vs steel slab thicknesses for neutron and γ
图 12 不同HSLA100钢板厚度下探测器端的中子能谱
Figure 12. Neutron energy spectrum at detector for different slab thickness
图 13 不同HSLA100钢板厚度下探测器端的γ能谱
Figure 13. γ energy spectrum at detector for different slab thickness
图 14 不同HSLA100钢板厚度下探测器端的次级γ能谱
Figure 14. Secondary γ energy spectrum at detector for different slab thickness
表 1 HSLA-100钢的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of HSLA-100 steel
element mass fraction/% C 0.026 Mn 1.520 P 0.002 S 0.001 Si 0.280 Ni 2.710 Cr 0.040 Mo 0.480 Cu 0.075 Al 0.002 Ti 0.005 O 0.018 N 0.003 Fe 94.878 
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