Simulation and experimental study on high power microwave coupling characteristics of cables
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摘要: 高功率微波易通过电子设备间互连线缆这一主要耦合途径进入系统内部，扰乱甚至损坏敏感电路或器件。为指导工程上合理布线，提升电子系统在高功率微波环境下生存能力，采用仿真分析和试验验证相结合的方法，系统性研究了不同参数条件（线缆长度、离地高度、端接负载阻值、辐射场入射角）下高功率微波与线缆的耦合效应，获取了耦合响应规律并分析了内在原因。结果表明：耦合信号随线缆长度增加先振荡变化后逐渐趋于稳定，振荡周期与入射波波长相等；耦合信号随线缆距地高度变化呈现振荡变化，极大值和极小值分别出现在距地高度为入射波1/4波长的奇数倍以及1/2波长的整数倍时；耦合信号随端接负载阻值增加先变小后变大，当负载阻值与线缆特性阻抗匹配时，耦合信号最小；耦合信号随来波方向与线缆布设方向间夹角的增大而增大，当两者垂直时，耦合信号最大。在此基础上给出实际工程中线缆敷设优化建议。Abstract: High power microwave is easy to enter the system through the main coupling path of interconnection cables between electronic devices, disrupting or even damaging sensitive circuits or devices. In order to guide the rational wiring in engineering and improve the survival ability of electronic system under high power microwave, the coupling effect between HPM and cable under different parameters(cable length, height from ground, terminal load resistance, radiation field incidence angle) is systematically studied by combining simulation analysis and test verification. The coupling response law is obtained and the internal reasons are analyzed. The results show that with the increase of cable length, the coupling signal oscillates first and then tends to be stable gradually, and the oscillation period is equal to the wavelength of the incident wave. The coupling signal oscillates with the change of the height from the cable to the ground, and the maximum and minimum values appear when the height from the ground is odd times of 1/4 wavelength and integer times of 1/2 wavelength of the incident wave respectively. The coupling signal decreases first and then increases with the increase of terminal load resistance. When the load resistance matches the cable characteristic impedance, the coupling signal is the smallest. The coupling signal increases with the increase of the angle between the incoming wave direction and the cable layout direction, and the coupling signal is the largest when the two are perpendicular. On this basis, some optimization suggestions of cable laying in practical engineering are given, which provides guidance for system-level electromagnetic compatibility and high-power microwave protection design.
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Key words:
- high power microwave /
- cable coupling /
- response law /
- influencing factors /
- optimizing wiring
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图 2 高功率微波对线缆的耦合模型示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the coupling model of high power microwave on cables
图 3 HPM激励源波形及频谱特征
Figure 3. Waveform and spectrum characteristics of HPM excitation source
图 4 不同线长下端口耦合电压波形
Figure 4. Port coupling voltage waveform under different cable length
图 6 不同离地高度下线缆端口耦合电压波形
Figure 6. Cable port coupling voltage waveform under different height from ground
图 7 离地高度对端口耦合电压峰值影响
Figure 7. Effect of height from ground on port coupling voltage peak
图 9 不同负载阻值下线缆端口耦合电压波形
Figure 9. Cable port coupling voltage waveform under different load resistance
图 10 负载阻值对端口耦合电压峰值影响
Figure 10. Effect of load resistance on port coupling voltage peak
图 11 不同入射角下线缆端口耦合电压波形
Figure 11. Cable port coupling voltage waveform under different incidence angle
图 12 入射角对端口耦合电压峰值影响
Figure 12. Effect of incidence angle on port coupling voltage peak
图 13 入射角为
$ \psi $ 的平面波与线缆耦合示意图Figure 13. Diagram of plane wave coupling with cable at incident angle
$ \psi $ 
图 14 线缆高功率微波耦合测试试验场景
Figure 14. High power microwave coupling test scenario for cables
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