Abstract: In order to resolve the problem that camouflage target could hardly be detected and identified by the classical means, a spectral polarization detection system was introduced and developed at first. Then the spectral polarization experiment about the bottle green and khaki camouflage coatings in grassplot and soil were conducted by the system at the wavelengths of 442.0, 545.5, 670.5, 850.5 nm. The polarization images were deduced by the polarization information process software through processing the experiment data captured by the system. The change rule about the degree of the polarization and the polarization contrast of the target and background was discovered. The calculated result shows that by choosing proper detection condition the polarization contrast between camouflage coating and background could be enhanced. Consequently, the classical camouflage target can be detected and identified effectively by the spectral polarization system.