3维电介质击穿模型在雷电防护系统评估试验中的应用
Application of three-dimensional dielectric breakdown model to lightning protection system evaluation
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摘要: 采用荷电圆盘雷云解析模型作激励源，利用电介质击穿模型进行了地闪先导放电高分辨力3维数值模拟，得到了50 m分辨力的地闪放电图样与先导近地500 m时的地面电场分布（峰值-164.9 kV·m-1），结果与实际观测值相符。模拟中通过高维样条插值实现了计算空间与评估区域的分辨力转换（50 m到1 m），构建评估模型，可以进行雷电防护系统的数值评估试验。用该方案对一种雷电防护系统概念模型进行了试验，结果显示：系统10 m高、-1.5 MV激励的条件下，5 m高处的雷击概率以系统为中心随距离增加而增大，系统投影区域雷击概率为0；由于先导激励地面电场的非对称性，保护区范围各向分布极不均匀。通过此方案可以得到系统作用下精细的雷击概率分布，适用于雷电防护系统效能评估。Abstract: To develop the evaluation methods of lightning protection system, the high resolution simulation of cloud-to-ground lightning leaders was done based on a 3-D dielectric breakdown model (DBM) in an analytic thunderstorm model, then an evaluation model was established near ground and the evaluation experiment was done. The space resolution is 50 m and the evaluation area resolution is 1 m in the experiment, which could satisfy modeling definition. Using successive overrelaxation method to solve the 3-D DBM, the trace of cloud-to-ground step lightning leaders and potential distribution in space could be gotten. When step lightning leaders arrive at the boundary of evaluation area, 2-D cubic spline method is used to transform the resolution between space and evaluation area. When leader tips a
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