Email alert
RSS2010 Vol. 22, No. 10
Recommend Articles
Display Method:
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The influence of applied magnetic field on the process of vacuum flashover, especially on electric field-induced secondary electron emission and electron avalanche, has been investigated by a Monte-Carlo code based on single particle model. It is fou...
The influence of applied magnetic field on the process of vacuum flashover, especially on electric field-induced secondary electron emission and electron avalanche, has been investigated by a Monte-Carlo code based on single particle model. It is fou...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The parameters of miniature MA-level helical explosively-driven magnetic flux compression generator(HEMCG) are calculated by method of equivalent circuit，and the result indicates that the main loss of HEMCG is non-Ohmic loss．The entire outer diameter...
The parameters of miniature MA-level helical explosively-driven magnetic flux compression generator(HEMCG) are calculated by method of equivalent circuit，and the result indicates that the main loss of HEMCG is non-Ohmic loss．The entire outer diameter...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The realization technique of modularization on the long pulse high power generator was expounded. The energy efficiency was analyzed. The main influence factors on the wave distortion from the primary pulse to the system output waveforms were discuss...
The realization technique of modularization on the long pulse high power generator was expounded. The energy efficiency was analyzed. The main influence factors on the wave distortion from the primary pulse to the system output waveforms were discuss...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the factors influencing the failures of high power linear xenon-filled flash lamps in NOVA, NIF and Shenguang-Ⅲ. The factors include the correlations between the stress and flash lamp explosion, the correlation between lifetime an...
This paper analyzes the factors influencing the failures of high power linear xenon-filled flash lamps in NOVA, NIF and Shenguang-Ⅲ. The factors include the correlations between the stress and flash lamp explosion, the correlation between lifetime an...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A spiral pulse forming line was presented, which consisted of inner cylinder and outer cylinder, and was densely wound by thin lines with multiple origins. Combining it with Tesla transformer, a compact long pulse generator was constructed, which had...
A spiral pulse forming line was presented, which consisted of inner cylinder and outer cylinder, and was densely wound by thin lines with multiple origins. Combining it with Tesla transformer, a compact long pulse generator was constructed, which had...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A linear transformer driver (LTD) module with 150 kV output capability was designed based on a former 125 kV LTD module, which used Blumlein line as the pulse forming line. A 600 kV LTD system was contrived with four newly designed modules connected ...
A linear transformer driver (LTD) module with 150 kV output capability was designed based on a former 125 kV LTD module, which used Blumlein line as the pulse forming line. A 600 kV LTD system was contrived with four newly designed modules connected ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The experiments of unstable resonator were performed for compressing divergence angle through modifying a high-power stable resonator TEA CO2 laser. The virtual confocal positive branch was adopted to study the influences of structure parameters and ...
The experiments of unstable resonator were performed for compressing divergence angle through modifying a high-power stable resonator TEA CO2 laser. The virtual confocal positive branch was adopted to study the influences of structure parameters and ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A calibrating method of high voltage and current probe for fast pulse measurements is presented based on pulse formation principle. A voltage and current generator which used the output line and diode of Flash Ⅱ accelerator as pulse formation line wa...
A calibrating method of high voltage and current probe for fast pulse measurements is presented based on pulse formation principle. A voltage and current generator which used the output line and diode of Flash Ⅱ accelerator as pulse formation line wa...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The band gap structure of 3-element 1-D photonics crystal with defective mode was studied by transfer matrix method，and the influence of the variation of the defect thickness on band gap structure was analyzed through numerical simulation. The simula...
The band gap structure of 3-element 1-D photonics crystal with defective mode was studied by transfer matrix method，and the influence of the variation of the defect thickness on band gap structure was analyzed through numerical simulation. The simula...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The hydroxyl radical(OH) and oxygen atom(O) play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, surface treatment and chemical decontamination. The present work reports the measurement of OH and O in atmospheric pressure plasma jet by optical emission spe...
The hydroxyl radical(OH) and oxygen atom(O) play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, surface treatment and chemical decontamination. The present work reports the measurement of OH and O in atmospheric pressure plasma jet by optical emission spe...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
To solve the problem of dead time loss, a novel method for measuring and correcting dead-time is proposed with the use of autocorrelation function based on a 252Cf -source-driven spectrum analyzing system. The experiment shows that the dead-time of t...
To solve the problem of dead time loss, a novel method for measuring and correcting dead-time is proposed with the use of autocorrelation function based on a 252Cf -source-driven spectrum analyzing system. The experiment shows that the dead-time of t...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
For further understanding of the interactions between different materials in the electromagnetic metamaterials, the change characteristics of the effective permittivity of wire array embedded in a single negative permeability medium were analyzed the...
For further understanding of the interactions between different materials in the electromagnetic metamaterials, the change characteristics of the effective permittivity of wire array embedded in a single negative permeability medium were analyzed the...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Based on the interdependent relationship between fission neutrons(252Cf)) and fission chain((235U system), the paper presents the time-frequency feature analysis and recognition in fission neutron signal based on support vector machine(SVM) through t...
Based on the interdependent relationship between fission neutrons(252Cf)) and fission chain((235U system), the paper presents the time-frequency feature analysis and recognition in fission neutron signal based on support vector machine(SVM) through t...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Based on a new room-temperature CdZnTe detector, the energy spectrum of each pixel and the image of the 662 keV 137Cs source have been obtained with a thick pinhole system. According to penetration and scattering effect of the high energy photons in ...
Based on a new room-temperature CdZnTe detector, the energy spectrum of each pixel and the image of the 662 keV 137Cs source have been obtained with a thick pinhole system. According to penetration and scattering effect of the high energy photons in ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The resolution of time spectrum is an important factor to obtain the excellent prompt gamma spectrum in the explosive detection. In this paper, we consider the scattering of α particle in the D-T reaction chamber wall is the main reason to the resolu...
The resolution of time spectrum is an important factor to obtain the excellent prompt gamma spectrum in the explosive detection. In this paper, we consider the scattering of α particle in the D-T reaction chamber wall is the main reason to the resolu...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Compression limit of low-Z fluid is the most important criterion of theoretical and experimental study of equations-of-state at high pressure. Virial theorem and Hugoniot equation show that the shock compression ratio is decided by the excitation deg...
Compression limit of low-Z fluid is the most important criterion of theoretical and experimental study of equations-of-state at high pressure. Virial theorem and Hugoniot equation show that the shock compression ratio is decided by the excitation deg...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A 40 kW, 204 MHz solid state RF amplifier is being developed for the 800 MeV electron storage ring at Hefei Light Source. The solid state amplifier is composed of 130 amplifier units combined by three-stage combiners in two towers. Some prototypes of...
A 40 kW, 204 MHz solid state RF amplifier is being developed for the 800 MeV electron storage ring at Hefei Light Source. The solid state amplifier is composed of 130 amplifier units combined by three-stage combiners in two towers. Some prototypes of...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The theory and the devices of the pulsed wire magnetic measurement system are described. The effects on the measurement accuracy of wire gravity, noise and reflected signal are theoretically analyzed. Some methods such as symmetric wire mounting, nig...
The theory and the devices of the pulsed wire magnetic measurement system are described. The effects on the measurement accuracy of wire gravity, noise and reflected signal are theoretically analyzed. Some methods such as symmetric wire mounting, nig...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The propagation of a relativistic (300 keV) sheet electron beam carrying high current (3 kA) through the offset-pole periodic cusped magnetic fields with low amplitude (0.173 T) and short period (20 mm) has been investigated theoretically and numeric...
The propagation of a relativistic (300 keV) sheet electron beam carrying high current (3 kA) through the offset-pole periodic cusped magnetic fields with low amplitude (0.173 T) and short period (20 mm) has been investigated theoretically and numeric...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
This paper presents the status of various tune measurement techniques, and describes the beam spectra analysis method based on turn-by-turn beam position data. The physical requirements, hardware layout and key modules of the betatron tune monitor sy...
This paper presents the status of various tune measurement techniques, and describes the beam spectra analysis method based on turn-by-turn beam position data. The physical requirements, hardware layout and key modules of the betatron tune monitor sy...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
An artificial transmission line as a right-handed transmission line is edge-coupled with a CRLH-TL to realize coupling between the left-handed and the right-handed transmission line. The directional coupler is a compact planar structure with characte...
An artificial transmission line as a right-handed transmission line is edge-coupled with a CRLH-TL to realize coupling between the left-handed and the right-handed transmission line. The directional coupler is a compact planar structure with characte...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The spatial power-combination, adopting parabolic antennas as the array cells, has been studied, considering the relation between the spatial power-combination efficiency and the amplitude error and phase error of antenna cells. The results of numeri...
The spatial power-combination, adopting parabolic antennas as the array cells, has been studied, considering the relation between the spatial power-combination efficiency and the amplitude error and phase error of antenna cells. The results of numeri...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The comparative studies by using a tri-cathode accelerator are presented on the cathode emission capability, relative emission delay and emission-time jitter of several common cathode materials, that is, stainless-steel, brass, aluminum, velvet and g...
The comparative studies by using a tri-cathode accelerator are presented on the cathode emission capability, relative emission delay and emission-time jitter of several common cathode materials, that is, stainless-steel, brass, aluminum, velvet and g...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A C-band resonant relativistic backward-wave oscillator(RBWO) is designed, and its structure feature and operation mechanism are analyzed. Operation characteristics of the designed device were investigated by particle-in-cell(PIC) simulation. Simulat...
A C-band resonant relativistic backward-wave oscillator(RBWO) is designed, and its structure feature and operation mechanism are analyzed. Operation characteristics of the designed device were investigated by particle-in-cell(PIC) simulation. Simulat...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A uniform mushroom-like electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure can realize only one surface-wave suppression bandgap. Hence, two kinds of units with different parameters mushroom-like EBG structures are cascaded to realize the dual-band or broadban...
A uniform mushroom-like electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure can realize only one surface-wave suppression bandgap. Hence, two kinds of units with different parameters mushroom-like EBG structures are cascaded to realize the dual-band or broadban...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A 300 MHz-center frequency wideband patch antenna has been developed for high power wideband electromagnetic (EM) pulse radiation, small signal test and high power experiments were performed. The two-layer-patch antenna structure was optimized by Tag...
A 300 MHz-center frequency wideband patch antenna has been developed for high power wideband electromagnetic (EM) pulse radiation, small signal test and high power experiments were performed. The two-layer-patch antenna structure was optimized by Tag...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The experiments have been conducted about lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) coupling to buried cables in the depth of 0.5 m. The test system and the measurement method are both introduced, and the lightning induced overvoltages at the end of the...
The experiments have been conducted about lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) coupling to buried cables in the depth of 0.5 m. The test system and the measurement method are both introduced, and the lightning induced overvoltages at the end of the...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The voltage conversion ratio of the photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) is measured in the microstrip test circuit. The analytical equation of the ratio is deduced according to transmission line theory with the consideration of reflection fro...
The voltage conversion ratio of the photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) is measured in the microstrip test circuit. The analytical equation of the ratio is deduced according to transmission line theory with the consideration of reflection fro...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
This paper presents the electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) Monte Carlo collisions (MCC) method for simulating the breakdown on dielectric surface illuminated by high-power microwaves, and the dielectric surface breakdown at different pressures in a...
This paper presents the electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) Monte Carlo collisions (MCC) method for simulating the breakdown on dielectric surface illuminated by high-power microwaves, and the dielectric surface breakdown at different pressures in a...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A novel power combiner applied to high power microwave is described and analyzed. It consists of two overmoded rectangular waveguides which are connected vertically, and several metal plates are inserted vertically with the polarization direction of ...
A novel power combiner applied to high power microwave is described and analyzed. It consists of two overmoded rectangular waveguides which are connected vertically, and several metal plates are inserted vertically with the polarization direction of ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Typical spatial distribution of the discharge plasma fluorescence and temporal evolutions of the discharge current and voltage in SF6/C2H6 mixture have been measured, which serves as the working gas of the discharge-pumped pulsed HF laser. Discharge ...
Typical spatial distribution of the discharge plasma fluorescence and temporal evolutions of the discharge current and voltage in SF6/C2H6 mixture have been measured, which serves as the working gas of the discharge-pumped pulsed HF laser. Discharge ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) system, manual way has been used to collimate the pellet traditionally, which is time-consuming and low-level automated. A new method based on Binocular Vision is proposed, which can place the prospecting apparatu...
In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) system, manual way has been used to collimate the pellet traditionally, which is time-consuming and low-level automated. A new method based on Binocular Vision is proposed, which can place the prospecting apparatu...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
In order to diagnose X-ray emitted from the plasma, a spherically bent crystals spectrometer was developed based on the X-ray Bragg diffraction theory. In the experiment, the dispersive element of crystal analyzer was quartz, the bent radius was 250 ...
In order to diagnose X-ray emitted from the plasma, a spherically bent crystals spectrometer was developed based on the X-ray Bragg diffraction theory. In the experiment, the dispersive element of crystal analyzer was quartz, the bent radius was 250 ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A nanosecond pulsed high voltage power based on semiconductor opening switch was employed to generate atmospheric pressure glow air plasma between a high voltage needle-array electrode and a grounded plate electrode. The discharge volume was 1 600 mm...
A nanosecond pulsed high voltage power based on semiconductor opening switch was employed to generate atmospheric pressure glow air plasma between a high voltage needle-array electrode and a grounded plate electrode. The discharge volume was 1 600 mm...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
To fabricate high quality hollow glass microsphere (HGM) for inertial confinement fusion targets by dried gel method, effects of gel particle diameter, specific heat, blowing agent concentration and thermal radiation absorption coefficient on the tra...
To fabricate high quality hollow glass microsphere (HGM) for inertial confinement fusion targets by dried gel method, effects of gel particle diameter, specific heat, blowing agent concentration and thermal radiation absorption coefficient on the tra...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Some thermodynamic functions, mechanics and spectroscopic properties for LiX(X=H,D,T) were calculated with ab initio method. The vibration energy and vibration entropy for solid Li were calculated based on the quasi-harmonic Debye’s theory. The chang...
Some thermodynamic functions, mechanics and spectroscopic properties for LiX(X=H,D,T) were calculated with ab initio method. The vibration energy and vibration entropy for solid Li were calculated based on the quasi-harmonic Debye’s theory. The chang...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
This paper researches the influence of different molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone on silver nanoconfiguration in polyol process. The silver nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Their optical prop...
This paper researches the influence of different molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone on silver nanoconfiguration in polyol process. The silver nanoparticles are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Their optical prop...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Characteristics of laser-induced damage of some optical thin films deposited by e-beam evaporation were investigated in vacuum and atmosphere environments，and the differences of laser-induced damage in two conditions were analyzed and discussed. The ...
Characteristics of laser-induced damage of some optical thin films deposited by e-beam evaporation were investigated in vacuum and atmosphere environments，and the differences of laser-induced damage in two conditions were analyzed and discussed. The ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The experiment of filamentary dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure has been studied, in which the needle-plate reactor was employed. The temporal evolution of vibrational temperature of the N2 (C3Πu→B3Πg) molecules w...
The experiment of filamentary dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure has been studied, in which the needle-plate reactor was employed. The temporal evolution of vibrational temperature of the N2 (C3Πu→B3Πg) molecules w...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the principle and method of X-ray phase contrast imaging technique used to characterize the microstructure of polymer foam. The analytical result shows that the image contrast of low Z polymer foam can be considerably improved wit...
This paper analyzes the principle and method of X-ray phase contrast imaging technique used to characterize the microstructure of polymer foam. The analytical result shows that the image contrast of low Z polymer foam can be considerably improved wit...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Monodisperse polystyrene(PS) microspheres with average sizes of 1.2 to 1.5 μm were obtained by emulsion polymerization. Using PS microspheres as the cores, some PS/Ag core shell particles were prepared after ultrasonic sensitization, deoxidization an...
Monodisperse polystyrene(PS) microspheres with average sizes of 1.2 to 1.5 μm were obtained by emulsion polymerization. Using PS microspheres as the cores, some PS/Ag core shell particles were prepared after ultrasonic sensitization, deoxidization an...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The two-dimensional(2D) three-temperature radiation hydrodynamics code, LARED-H(laser radiation electron dynamic hohlraum), is improved to simulate the 2D radiation-driven implosion process. In order to solve the linear-algebraic equations discretize...
The two-dimensional(2D) three-temperature radiation hydrodynamics code, LARED-H(laser radiation electron dynamic hohlraum), is improved to simulate the 2D radiation-driven implosion process. In order to solve the linear-algebraic equations discretize...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The principles and characteristics of point-projection radiography were studied through static imaging experiments, using laser-driven about 4.8 keV Ti plasma X-ray source. The application of point-projection to dynamic diagnosis was then developed, ...
The principles and characteristics of point-projection radiography were studied through static imaging experiments, using laser-driven about 4.8 keV Ti plasma X-ray source. The application of point-projection to dynamic diagnosis was then developed, ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The sol-gel process and structure of monolithic TiO2 aerogels were experimentally studied. It has been shown that, the increasing of the catalyst and precursor amounts can both lead to shorter gelation time and the hardness improvement of the wet gel...
The sol-gel process and structure of monolithic TiO2 aerogels were experimentally studied. It has been shown that, the increasing of the catalyst and precursor amounts can both lead to shorter gelation time and the hardness improvement of the wet gel...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Using the spectral width from the Airda16000 low stratospheric wind profiler radar, removing the non-turbulent contaminations, then obtaining the spectral width contributed by turbulence, the turbulent dissipation rate could be estimated. The height ...
Using the spectral width from the Airda16000 low stratospheric wind profiler radar, removing the non-turbulent contaminations, then obtaining the spectral width contributed by turbulence, the turbulent dissipation rate could be estimated. The height ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A coupling method is put forward for laser-diode array (LDA) end-pumped amplifiers. The LDA is inscribed on a cylindrical surface and then a duct is connected to it. That means the laser diodes are arranged in the shape of an arch. The center of the ...
A coupling method is put forward for laser-diode array (LDA) end-pumped amplifiers. The LDA is inscribed on a cylindrical surface and then a duct is connected to it. That means the laser diodes are arranged in the shape of an arch. The center of the ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A dimensionless factor of conical nozzle is defined combined with incident laser energy, energy deposit efficiency, ambient air pressure, generatrix length and semi-apex angle of nozzle, and it is extended to the study of parabolic nozzle. Effects on...
A dimensionless factor of conical nozzle is defined combined with incident laser energy, energy deposit efficiency, ambient air pressure, generatrix length and semi-apex angle of nozzle, and it is extended to the study of parabolic nozzle. Effects on...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A parameter optimization system is established for X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging of the object of two dimensional Gaussian distribution based on the theoretical analysis of the imaging technology. The dependence of the evaluation parameters in...
A parameter optimization system is established for X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging of the object of two dimensional Gaussian distribution based on the theoretical analysis of the imaging technology. The dependence of the evaluation parameters in...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The influence of spectrum characteristics on diode pumped alkali laser has been studied based on the rate equations. The result shows that, there exists an optimal operation temperature for alkali lasers, and the influences of temperature and gain me...
The influence of spectrum characteristics on diode pumped alkali laser has been studied based on the rate equations. The result shows that, there exists an optimal operation temperature for alkali lasers, and the influences of temperature and gain me...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The reconstruction method of digital holographic phase information based on lateral shearing interferometer was studied and a method to obtain the coefficients of the linear phase aberration was proposed. It is pointed out that one-dimensional phase ...
The reconstruction method of digital holographic phase information based on lateral shearing interferometer was studied and a method to obtain the coefficients of the linear phase aberration was proposed. It is pointed out that one-dimensional phase ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Nonlinear refraction and absorption properties in carbon disulfide(CS2) have been investigated by Z-scan technique under femtosecond pulse lasers at 800 nm in a broad intensity range. It is found that the Z-scan transmittance curve has a large displa...
Nonlinear refraction and absorption properties in carbon disulfide(CS2) have been investigated by Z-scan technique under femtosecond pulse lasers at 800 nm in a broad intensity range. It is found that the Z-scan transmittance curve has a large displa...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A line-imaging velocity interferometer was developed and implemented, which is used for laser-driven-flyer velocity measurement with high temporal and spatial resolution. Based on VISAR and ORVIS, this system reshapes the probe laser to line light on...
A line-imaging velocity interferometer was developed and implemented, which is used for laser-driven-flyer velocity measurement with high temporal and spatial resolution. Based on VISAR and ORVIS, this system reshapes the probe laser to line light on...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The temporal spectra of scintillation and angle-of-arrival fluctuations have been studied experimentally for light-waves traveling in turbulence of different inner scales. Because of the complexity and uncontrollability of the real atmosphere, the ex...
The temporal spectra of scintillation and angle-of-arrival fluctuations have been studied experimentally for light-waves traveling in turbulence of different inner scales. Because of the complexity and uncontrollability of the real atmosphere, the ex...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
An off-axis external cavity with double feedback is designed to simultaneously reduce spectral bandwidth and improve the beam quality of the laser diode bar. The external cavity is made up of a high-reflection mirror and a blazed grating, where the s...
An off-axis external cavity with double feedback is designed to simultaneously reduce spectral bandwidth and improve the beam quality of the laser diode bar. The external cavity is made up of a high-reflection mirror and a blazed grating, where the s...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
Taking the partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian(H-G) beam as a typical example, this paper studies the distribution of diffraction intensity and the visibility of interference fringes in Young’s two-slit set-up illuminated by the multi-mode partially ...
Taking the partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian(H-G) beam as a typical example, this paper studies the distribution of diffraction intensity and the visibility of interference fringes in Young’s two-slit set-up illuminated by the multi-mode partially ...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
A deployable umbrella-shaped keel concentrator has been proposed for the solar thermal thruster (STP) system. The improved concentrator overcomes the shortcomings of traditional inflatable concentrators and rigid fixed concentrators. A deployable sol...
A deployable umbrella-shaped keel concentrator has been proposed for the solar thermal thruster (STP) system. The improved concentrator overcomes the shortcomings of traditional inflatable concentrators and rigid fixed concentrators. A deployable sol...
2010,
22.
Abstract:
The mechanism of laser induced damage on optical films, and the methods to improve the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) were reviewed in two respects including theory and experiment. We summarized the existing theory models and their applicable ...
The mechanism of laser induced damage on optical films, and the methods to improve the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) were reviewed in two respects including theory and experiment. We summarized the existing theory models and their applicable ...
