An X-ray backlight imaging system using spherically bent crystal has been set up based on the X-ray Bragg diffraction theory. The primary component of the system is a spherically bent α-quartz crystal whose curvature radius is 143 mm. The monochromatic X-ray backlight imaging experiment using the imaging system has been carried out on the anode accelerator of Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP). In the experiment, the backlighter is a laser-produced plasma X-ray source created using Al wire arrays implosion; the test object is stainless steel wires of diameter of 100 μm and period of 500 μm; the X-ray film is used to obtain the two-dimensional monochromatic X-ray backlight images. The imaging system provides a spatial resolution of approximately 75 μm