A review of research on stirring methods of electromagnetic reverberation chamber
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摘要:
电磁混响室是进行有限空间内电磁兼容、电磁效应测试以及无线信道模拟的重要设备。搅拌方式是混响室的核心内容。主要从改变混响室边界条件和激励源配置的角度，对国内外混响室搅拌方式的研究历史和现状进行分类介绍，列举了一些具有代表性的实现方案，总结了各种方式的特点，介绍了混合搅拌方式的研究进展。
Abstract:This paper presents a review summary of the current state-of-the-art stirring in reverberation chamber (RC). An RC is an important device for conducting electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic effect testing and wireless channel simulation in a limited space. The stirring technique is the soul of a RC. The focus is introducing the research history and current situation of the stirring techniques at home and abroad from two perspectives, i.e. changing the boundary conditions and the configuration of the excitation source in an RC. In particular, some representative implementation schemes are discussed, and the characteristics of various methods are summarized. Finally, the research progress of mixed stirring techniques is also introduced.
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Key words:
- reverberation chamber /
- boundary conditions /
- excitation source /
- stirrer /
- stirring technique
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图 1 IEC 61000-4-21（2002）标准中的混响室原理图
Figure 1. Mechanical mode stirrer reverberation chamber as described in IEC-61000–4-21，2002，picture extracted from Ref. [5]
图 3 约克大学建造的弯板式搅拌器
Figure 3. “Bent-Plates” stirrer at the University of York， picture extracted from Ref. [12]
图 4 英国国家物理实验室所搭建的不规则可重构搅拌器
Figure 4. Irregular reconfigurable stirrer in the RC at NPL， picture extracted from Ref. [8]
图 5 意大利马尔凯理工大学所搭建的旋转木马搅拌器
Figure 5. Carousel stirrer at the DII，Università Politecnica delle Marche， picture extracted from Ref. [18]
图 6 用绳子悬挂的振动固有混响室
Figure 6. Vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber hanging on strings，picture extracted from Ref. [23]
图 8 荷兰埃因霍芬理工大学所搭建的振荡型混响室
Figure 8. Oscillating stirrer at the RC facility of Eindhoven University of Technology，picture extracted from Ref. [28]
图 9 美国Comtest Engineering公司所搭建的振荡型混响室
Figure 9. Oscillating stirrer at the RC facility of Comtest Engineering，picture extracted from Ref. [29]
图 10 开关搅拌混响室原理图
Figure 10. Schematic diagram of a switch stirred reverberation chamber，picture extracted from Ref. [8]
图 11 电抗性负载天线搅拌混响室原理图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of an RC implementing the reactively-loaded，picture extracted from Ref. [43]
图 12 两天线的混响室及其等效电路模型
Figure 12. Basic arrangement of overmoded cavity（chamber）with two coupling antennas and simplified network model，picture extracted from Ref. [43]
图 13 使用Schroeder散射体的机械搅拌混响室
Figure 13. Mechanical reverberation chambers with Schroeder diffuser，picture extracted from Ref. [45]
图 14 实验测得的电场标准差对比
Figure 14. Comparison of electric field standard deviation， picture extracted from Ref. [50]
图 15 超表面材料单元结构的前视图
Figure 15. Front view of metasurface unit structure， picture extracted from Ref. [50]
图 16 使用超表面材料的内置机械搅拌器搅拌混响室
Figure 16. Mechanical reverberation chamber with metasurface walls，picture extracted from Ref. [50]
图 17 使用轨道角动量超表面材料的内置机械搅拌器搅拌混响室
Figure 17. Mechanical reverberation chamber with the orbital angular momentum，picture extracted from Ref. [51]
图 18 加2个金属球散射体的内置机械搅拌器搅拌混响室
Figure 18. Mechanical reverberation chamber with two hemispherical diffractors，picture extracted from Ref. [52]
图 19 固定多个金属球散射体的内置机械搅拌器搅拌混响室
Figure 19. Mechanical reverberation chamber with fixed metallic spheres，picture extracted from Ref. [53]
图 20 在内置机械搅拌器搅拌方式、振荡搅拌方式和两种搅拌方式一起使用时的混响室内工作空间占比情况
Figure 20. Working-to-total volume ratio as a function of the stirred-to-total volume ratio for three different stirring strategies: A classical rotating stirrer， the OWS，and the hybrid source-tuner stirring technique，picture extracted from Ref. [56]
表 1 各种单一搅拌方式及其特点
Table 1. Various single stirring methods and their characteristics
搅拌方式 特点 改变腔体边界条
件的搅拌方式内置机械搅拌器搅拌 Z字型搅拌器 所需的机械阻尼时间少；驱动系统规模小。 优点：目前研究最多，使用最广泛的搅拌器类型。能形成良好的场环境。
缺点：低频性能较差；测试所需的时间较长；搅拌器占据部分空间，工作空间占比小；搅拌器结构复杂，设计和分析较为困难；成本较高。弯板式搅拌器 搅拌器便于优化。 不规则可重构
搅拌器搅拌器桨叶可拆卸，易于拆除和重新配置。 旋转木马搅拌器 相比于传统的Z字形搅拌器，这种搅拌器能提高场环境均匀性，旋转一周中的独立采样点位置也更多。 改变腔体结构搅拌 振动固有混响室 结构简单，便于在待测器件处现场搭建。 优点：有着较低的最低可用工作频率；有效利用了腔体空间，增加了工作空间的总体占比；搅拌效率较高，所需测试时间较短。
缺点：仿真和数值分析较为困难。体育馆型混响室 搅拌过程中模密度保持恒定，腔内所有状态在统计上等价，有助于场统计特性的计算。 振荡器搅拌 需要大量搅拌器，成本高。 开关搅拌 结构复杂，设计实现较为困难。 改变源配置的
搅拌方式频率搅拌 窄带高斯白噪声信号搅拌 能实现“实时均匀”场环境。 优点：结构简单，设计实现较为方便，成本较低；工作空间占比较大；所需测试时间短。
缺点：场均匀性较差。连续波信号搅拌 扫频信号所需带宽可能会大于被测试器件的响应带宽。 源搅拌 改变源位置搅拌 建造简单；成本较低；工作空间占比较大；操作繁琐。 优点：有较低最低可用频率。
缺点：实现困难。随机多天线搅拌 成本较高。 电抗性负载天线
搅拌有等效电路模型，便于研究场均匀性；成本较高。 
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