激光离子加速研究与应用展望

吴学志; 寿寅任; 弓正; 赵研英; 朱昆; 杨根; 卢海洋; 林晨; 马文君; 陈佳洱; 颜学庆

doi:10.11884/HPLPB202032.200090

激光离子加速研究与应用展望

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200090

吴学志^{1, 2,},
寿寅任^{1, 2},
弓正^{1, 2},
赵研英^{1, 2},
朱昆^{1, 2},
杨根^{1, 2},
卢海洋^{1, 3},
林晨^{1, 2, 3},
马文君^{1, 2},
陈佳洱^{1, 2},
颜学庆^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
北京大学核物理与核技术国家重点实验室，北京 100871
2.
北京怀柔激光加速创新中心，北京怀柔 101407
3.
北京大学应用物理研究中心，北京 100871

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2019YFF01014402）；国家自然科学基金项目(11921006)

详细信息

作者简介:
吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
颜学庆（1977—），男，博士，教授，从事激光离子加速的理论、实验和应用研究；x.yan@pku.edu.cn

中图分类号: O434.12

Laser-driven ion acceleration: development and potential applications

Wu Xuezhi^{1, 2
,},
Shou Yinren^{1, 2},
Gong Zheng^{1, 2},
Zhao Yanying^{1, 2},
Zhu Kun^{1, 2},
Yang Gen^{1, 2},
Lu Haiyang^{1, 3},
Lin Chen^{1, 2, 3},
Ma Wenjun^{1, 2},
Chen JiaErh^{1, 2},
Yan Xueqing^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2.
Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101407, China
3.
Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

摘要: 激光驱动离子加速是近年来激光等离子体领域兴起的研究热点之一。激光产生的高能离子束具有高亮度、小尺寸、脉宽窄和方向性好等特点，具有很多潜在的应用。本文概述了几种常见的激光离子加速物理机制，对一系列激光离子加速实验进展进行了归纳总结，最后介绍了几种激光驱动离子束的潜在应用。
- 激光 /
- 等离子体 /
- 粒子加速器 /
- 超短 /
- 超强
Abstract: Laser-driven ion acceleration is a frontier of laser plasma physics which has been developed in recent decades. Energetic ion beam generation in the interaction of laser and matter has unique properties such as high brilliance, compact size, ultra-short duration, and low emittance. These advantages are particularly suitable for many potential applications. This paper describes main physical mechanism of ion acceleration driven by ultrashort laser. A series of laser-driven ion acceleration experimental progress is reviewed. At last, this paper provides a brief introduction of several potential applications of laser-driven ion sources.
- laser /
- plasma /
- particle accelerator /
- ultra-short /
- ultra-intense

图 1 辐射光压加速过程^[25]

Figure 1. Ion acceleration in the radiation pressure dominant（laser piston）regime，3D PIC simulation^[25]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 离子密度（$n$）和电子密度（${n_{{\rm{p}}0}}$）分布示意图， ${E_{x1}}$，${E_{x2}}$为电子耗尽层和电子压缩层的纵向电场分布^[33]

Figure 2. Schematic of the equilibrium density profiles for ions（$n$）and electrons（${n_{p0}}$）^[33]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 质子在相空间（$x$，${p_x}$）中的“追赶”运动

Figure 3. Phase-space distribution of protons

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 质子能谱

Figure 4. Energy spectrum of protons

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 激波加速示意图

Figure 5. Schematic of shock acceleration

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 基于高功率激光的激光离子加速器布局^[89]

Figure 6. Layout of compact laser plasma accelerator based on a high-power laser^[89]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 北京大学激光加速器质子能谱及不同能量的束流形状^[89]

Figure 7. Scaling of the proton charge with different central energies on the irradiation platform^[89]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 质子照相装置示意图^[90]

Figure 8. Experimental setup for proton imaging^[90]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 束线终端的蚂蚁质子照相局部放大图

Figure 9. Imaging of ant.（a）ant，（b）head，（c）wing and（d）belly

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 激光离子束轨道探针（LITP）系统示意图

Figure 10. Schematic of LITP system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 激光驱动的电子快点火示意图

Figure 11. Schematic of laser-driven electron fast ignition

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 质子快点火装置示意图^[113]

Figure 12. Schematic of laser-driven proton fast ignition^[113]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 激光质子加速器系统示意图

Figure 13. Schematic of laser-driven proton accelerator system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 激光离子加速实验结果（2000-2019）

Table 1. Results of laser-driven ion acceleration experiments（2000-2019）

reference	pulse energy ${{\rm{W}}_{\rm{L}}}/{\rm{J}}$	irradiance ${I_0}$/ （W/cm²）	contrast	target and thickness/${\rm{\mu m}}$	incidence angle/（°）	proton/ion energy ${\varepsilon _{(p/i)}}$/（MeV/nucleon）
Snavely et al（2000）	423	3×10²⁰	1×10⁴	CH 100	0	58
Krushelnick et al（2000）	50	5×10¹⁹		Al 125	45	30
Nemoto et al（2001）	4	6×10¹⁸	5×10⁵	Mylar 6	45	10
Mackinnon et al（2002）	10	1×10²⁰		Al 3	22	24
Patel et al（2003）	10	5×10¹⁸	1×10¹⁰	Al 20	0	12
Spencer et al（2003）	0.2	7×10¹⁸		Mylar23	0	1.5
Spencer et al（2003）	0.2	7×10¹⁸	1×10⁶	Al 12	0	0.9
McKenna et al（2004）	233	2×10²⁰	1×10⁶	Fe 100	45	40
Kaluza et al（2004）	0.85	1.3×10¹⁹	1×10⁷	Al 20	30	4
Oishi et al（2005）	0.12	6×10¹⁸	2×10⁷	Cu 5	45	1.3
Fuchs et al（2006）	10	6×10¹⁹	1×10⁵	Al 20	0，40	20
Neely et al（2006）	0.3	1×10¹⁹	1×10⁷	Al 0.1	30	4
Willingale et al（2006）	340	6×10²⁰	1×10¹⁰	He jet 2000		10
Ceccotti et al（2007）	0.65	5×10¹⁸	1×10⁵	Mylar 0.1	45	5.25
Robson et al（2007）	310	6×10²⁰	1×10¹⁰	Al 10	45	55
Robson et al（2007）	160	3.2×10²⁰	1×10⁷	Al 10	45	38
Robson et al（2007）	30	6×10¹⁹	1×10⁷	Al 10	45	16
Antici et al（2007）	1	1×10¹⁸	1×10⁷	Si₃N₄ 0.03	0	7.3
Yogo et al（2007）	0.71	8×10¹⁸	1×10¹¹	Cu 5	45	1.4
Yogo et al（2008）	0.8	1.5×10¹⁹	1×10⁶	Polyimide 7.5	45	3.8
Nishiuchi et al（2008）	1.7	3×10¹⁹	2.5×10⁵	Polyimide 7.5	45	4
Flippo et al（2008）	20	1.1×10¹⁹	2.5×10⁷	Flat-top cone Al 10	0	30
Safronov et al（2008）	6.5	1×10¹⁹	1×10⁶	Al 2	0	8
Henig et all（2009）	0.7	5×10¹⁹		DLC 5.4 nm	0	13
Fukuda et al（2009）	0.15	7×10¹⁷	1×10¹¹	C0₂＋He jet 2000		10
Zeil et al（2010）	3	1×10²¹	1×10⁶	Ti 2	45	17
Haberberger et al（2012）	60	6.5×10¹⁶	2×10⁸	Hydrogen gas jets 3		20
Margarone et al（2012）	2	5×10¹⁹		Nanosphere 535 nm		8.6
S. Kar et al（2012）	200	3×10²⁰		Cu 100 nm	0	7（RPA，Peak）
Hegelich et al（2013）	90	2×10²⁰	1×10⁹	DLC 58 nm	0	37.8（BOA）
H.Zhang et al（2015）	8.4	3.5×10¹⁹	1×10¹¹	DLC 30 nm	30	4.7（shock）
J. H. Bin et al（2015）	5	2×10²⁰	1×10¹¹	CNF 5＋DLC（nm）	0	15（RPA，Peak）
Powell et al（2015）	200	2×10²⁰	1×10⁹	AI 40 nm	0，30	40
Nishiuchi et al（2015）	8	1×10²¹		AI 0.8		Fe 0.9 Gev
Brabetz et al（2015）	70	Hollow laser		12	0	27.6
Wagner et al（2015）	190	8×10²⁰	1×10⁷	Polymer 750 nm	10	38（TNSA）&61（BOA）
Margarone et al（2015）	30	7×10²⁰		Nanosphere 720 nm	9	30
Wagner et al（2016）	200	2.6×10²⁰	3×10¹¹	Plastic 900 nm	0-30	85（TNSA）
Passoni et al（2016）	7.4	4.5×10²⁰		C foams 8＋AI 0.75	30	30
Kim et al（2016）	8.5	6.1×10²⁰		Polymer 15 nm	2.5	93（RPA，No peak）
H Zhang et al（2017）	13	6.9×10¹⁹	3×10¹¹	Plastic foil 40 nm	26	9（Shock）
Higginson et al（2018）	210±40	3±2×10²⁰	1×10¹¹	Plastic foil 80 nm	30	～100
W. J. Ma et al（2019）	9.2	5.5×10²⁰	3×10¹¹	CNF（${\rm{\mu m}}$）＋DLC 20 nm	2.4	C 50

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Maiman T H. Stimulated optical radiation in ruby[J]. nature, 1960, 187(4736): 493-494. doi: 10.1038/187493a0
[2]	Hargrove L, Fork R L, Pollack M. Locking of He–Ne laser modes induced by synchronous intracavity modulation[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1964, 5(1): 4-5. doi: 10.1063/1.1754025
[3]	DiDomenico Jr M. Small‐signal analysis of internal (coupling‐type) modulation of lasers[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1964, 35(10): 2870-2876. doi: 10.1063/1.1713121
[4]	Forslund D, Brackbill J. Magnetic-field-induced surface transport on laser-irradiated foils[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1982, 48(23): 1614. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.48.1614
[5]	Strickland D, Mourou G. Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses[J]. Optics communications, 1985, 56(3): 219-221. doi: 10.1016/0030-4018(85)90120-8
[6]	Danson C N, Haefner C, Bromage J, et al. Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2019: 7.
[7]	Veksler V I. Coherent principle of acceleration of charged particles[R]. Energy 2, 427, 1956.
[8]	Mourou G, Mironov S, Khazanov E, et al. Single cycle thin film compressor opening the door to Zeptosecond-Exawatt physics[J]. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2014, 223(6): 1181-1188. doi: 10.1140/epjst/e2014-02171-5
[9]	Mourou G, Brocklesby B, Tajima T, et al. The future is fibre accelerators[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(4): 258-261. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2013.75
[10]	Wilks S, Kruer W, Tabak M, et al. Absorption of ultra-intense laser pulses[J]. Physical review letters, 1992, 69(9): 1383. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.1383
[11]	Wilks S C, Kruer W L. Absorption of ultrashort, ultra-intense laser light by solids and overdense plasmas[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1997, 33(11): 1954-1968. doi: 10.1109/3.641310
[12]	Davies J R. Laser absorption by overdense plasmas in the relativistic regime[J]. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2008, 51(1): 014006.
[13]	Kruer W, The physics of laser plasma interactions. 2019: CRC Press.
[14]	Brunel F. Not-so-resonant, resonant absorption[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1987, 59(1): 52. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.52
[15]	Kruer W, Estabrook K. J× B heating by very intense laser light[J]. The Physics of fluids, 1985, 28(1): 430-432. doi: 10.1063/1.865171
[16]	Wilks S, Langdon A, Cowan T, et al. Energetic proton generation in ultra-intense laser–solid interactions[J]. Physics of plasmas, 2001, 8(2): 542-549. doi: 10.1063/1.1333697
[17]	Hatchett S P, Brown C G, Cowan T E, et al. Electron, photon, and ion beams from the relativistic interaction of Petawatt laser pulses with solid targets[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2000, 7(5): 2076-2082. doi: 10.1063/1.874030
[18]	Pukhov A. Three-dimensional simulations of ion acceleration from a foil irradiated by a short-pulse laser[J]. Physical review letters, 2001, 86(16): 3562. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3562
[19]	Mora P. Plasma expansion into a vacuum[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2003, 90(18): 185002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.185002
[20]	Mora P. Thin-foil expansion into a vacuum[J]. Physical Review E, 2005, 72(5).
[21]	Passoni M, Lontano M. Theory of light-ion acceleration driven by a strong charge separation[J]. Physical review letters, 2008, 101(11): 115001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.115001
[22]	Tikhonchuk V, Andreev A, Bochkarev S, et al. Ion acceleration in short-laser-pulse interaction with solid foils[J]. Plasma physics and controlled fusion, 2005, 47(12B): B869. doi: 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12B/S69
[23]	Malka G, Miquel J. Experimental confirmation of ponderomotive-force electrons produced by an ultrarelativistic laser pulse on a solid target[J]. Physical review letters, 1996, 77(1): 75. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.75
[24]	Daido H, Nishiuchi M, Pirozhkov A S. Review of laser-driven ion sources and their applications[J]. Reports on progress in physics, 2012, 75(5): 056401. doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/5/056401
[25]	Esirkepov T, Borghesi M, Bulanov S, et al. Highly efficient relativistic-ion generation in the laser-piston regime[J]. Physical review letters, 2004, 92(17): 175003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.175003
[26]	Chen M, Pukhov A, Yu T, et al. Enhanced collimated GeV monoenergetic ion acceleration from a shaped foil target irradiated by a circularly polarized laser pulse[J]. Physical review letters, 2009, 103(2): 024801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.024801
[27]	Macchi A, Cattani F, Liseykina T V, et al. Laser acceleration of ion bunches at the front surface of overdense plasmas[J]. Physical review letters, 2005, 94(16): 165003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.165003
[28]	Robinson A, Zepf M, Kar S, et al. Radiation pressure acceleration of thin foils with circularly polarized laser pulses[J]. New journal of Physics, 2008, 10(1): 013021. doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/10/1/013021
[29]	Qiao B, Zepf M, Borghesi M, et al. Stable GeV ion-beam acceleration from thin foils by circularly polarized laser pulses[J]. Physical review letters, 2009, 102(14): 145002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.145002
[30]	Zhang X M, Shen B F, Li X M, et al. Multistaged acceleration of ions by circularly polarized laser pulse: Monoenergetic ion beam generation[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2007, 14(7).
[31]	Zhuo H B, Chen Z L, Yu W, et al. Quasimonoenergetic Proton Bunch Generation by Dual-Peaked Electrostatic-Field Acceleration in Foils Irradiated by an Intense Linearly Polarized Laser[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2010, 105(6).
[32]	Yu T P, Pukhov A, Shvets G, et al. Simulations of stable compact proton beam acceleration from a two-ion-species ultrathin foil[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2011, 18(4).
[33]	Yan X, Lin C, Sheng Z-M, et al. Generating high-current monoenergetic proton beams by a circularlypolarized laser pulse in the phase-stableacceleration regime[J]. Physical review letters, 2008, 100(13): 135003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.135003
[34]	Pegoraro F, Bulanov S V. Photon bubbles and ion acceleration in a plasma dominated by the radiation pressure of an electromagnetic pulse[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2007, 99(6).
[35]	Yin Y, Yu W, Yu M, et al. Influence of target thickness on the generation of high-density ion bunches by ultrashort circularly polarized laser pulses[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2008, 15(9): 093106. doi: 10.1063/1.2977485
[36]	Palmer C, Schreiber J, Nagel S, et al. Rayleigh-Taylor instability of an ultrathin foil accelerated by the radiation pressure of an intense laser[J]. Physical review letters, 2012, 108(22): 225002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.225002
[37]	Henig A, Steinke S, Schnürer M, et al. Radiation-pressure acceleration of ion beams driven by circularly polarized laser pulses[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 103(24): 245003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.245003
[38]	Bin J, Ma W, Wang H, et al. Ion acceleration using relativistic pulse shaping in near-critical-density plasmas[J]. Physical review letters, 2015, 115(6): 064801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.064801
[39]	Gamaly E. Instability of the overdense plasma boundary induced by the action of a powerful photon beam[J]. Physical Review E, 1993, 48(4): 2924. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.48.2924
[40]	Sgattoni A, Sinigardi S, Fedeli L, et al. Laser-driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability: plasmonic effects and three-dimensional structures[J]. Physical Review E, 2015, 91(1): 013106. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.013106
[41]	Eliasson B. Instability of a thin conducting foil accelerated by a finite wavelength intense laser[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2015, 17(3): 033026. doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/17/3/033026
[42]	Zhang X, Shen B, Ji L, et al. Instabilities in interaction of circularly polarized laser pulse and overdense target[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2011, 18(7): 073101. doi: 10.1063/1.3603821
[43]	Yan X, Chen M, Sheng Z, et al. Self-induced magnetic focusing of proton beams by Weibel-like instability in the laser foil-plasma interactions[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2009, 16(4): 044501. doi: 10.1063/1.3104703
[44]	Wan Y, Pai C-H, Zhang C, et al. Physical mechanism of the transverse instability in radiation pressure ion acceleration[J]. Physical review letters, 2016, 117(23): 234801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.234801
[45]	Chen M, Kumar N, Pukhov A, et al. Stabilized radiation pressure dominated ion acceleration from surface modulated thin-foil targets[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2011, 18(7): 073106. doi: 10.1063/1.3606562
[46]	Yu T-P, Pukhov A, Shvets G, et al. Stable laser-driven proton beam acceleration from a two-ion-species ultrathin foil[J]. Physical review letters, 2010, 105(6): 065002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.065002
[47]	Yu T, Pukhov A, Shvets G, et al. Simulations of stable compact proton beam acceleration from a two-ion-species ultrathin foil[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2011, 18(4): 043110. doi: 10.1063/1.3574351
[48]	Shen X, Qiao B, Zhang H, et al. Achieving stable radiation pressure acceleration of heavy ions via successive electron replenishment from ionization of a high-z material coating[J]. Physical review letters, 2017, 118(20): 204802. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.204802
[49]	Qiao B, Zepf M, Borghesi M, et al. Radiation-pressure acceleration of ion beams from nanofoil targets: The leaky light-sail regime[J]. Physical review letters, 2010, 105(15): 155002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.155002
[50]	Wu D, Zheng C, Qiao B, et al. Suppression of transverse ablative Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability in the hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration by using elliptically polarized laser pulses[J]. Physical Review E, 2014, 90(2): 023101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.023101
[51]	Zhou M, Yan X, Mourou G, et al. Proton acceleration by single-cycle laser pulses offers a novel monoenergetic and stable operating regime[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2016, 23(4): 043112. doi: 10.1063/1.4947544
[52]	Yu T P, Chen M, Pukhov A. High quality GeV proton beams from a density-modulated foil target[J]. Laser and Particle Beams, 2009, 27(4): 611-617. doi: 10.1017/S0263034609990334
[53]	Hong X-R, Xie B-S, Zhang S, et al. High quality ion acceleration from a double-layer target dominated by the radiation pressure of a transversely Gaussian laser pulse[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2010, 17(10): 103107. doi: 10.1063/1.3503604
[54]	Chen M, Pukhov A, Sheng Z, et al. Laser mode effects on the ion acceleration during circularly polarized laser pulse interaction with foil targets[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2008, 15(11): 113103. doi: 10.1063/1.3019105
[55]	Silva L O, Marti M, Davies J R, et al. Proton shock acceleration in laser-plasma interactions[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2004, 92(1): 015002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.015002
[56]	Forslund D, Shonk C. Formation and structure of electrostatic collisionless shocks[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1970, 25(25): 1699. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.25.1699
[57]	Ji L L, Shen B F, Zhang X M, et al. Generating Monoenergetic Heavy-Ion Bunches with Laser-Induced Electrostatic Shocks[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2008, 101(16).
[58]	Fiuza F, Stockem A, Boella E, et al. Laser-Driven Shock Acceleration of Monoenergetic Ion Beams[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 109(21).
[59]	Matsui R, Fukuda Y, Kishimoto Y. Quasimonoenergetic Proton Bunch Acceleration Driven by Hemispherically Converging Collisionless Shock in a Hydrogen Cluster Coupled with Relativistically Induced Transparency[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 122(1).
[60]	Haberberger D, Tochitsky S, Fiuza F, et al. Collisionless shocks in laser-produced plasma generate monoenergetic high-energy proton beams[J]. Nature Physics, 2012, 8(1): 95-99. doi: 10.1038/nphys2130
[61]	Macchi A, Borghesi M, Passoni M. Ion acceleration by superintense laser-plasma interaction[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2013, 85(2): 751. doi: 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.751
[62]	Zhang H, Shen B, Wang W, et al. Collisionless shock acceleration of high-flux quasimonoenergetic proton beams driven by circularly polarized laser pulses[J]. Physical review letters, 2017, 119(16): 164801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.164801
[63]	Yin L, Albright B, Hegelich B, et al. Monoenergetic and GeV ion acceleration from the laser breakout afterburner using ultrathin targets[J]. Physics of plasmas, 2007, 14(5): 056706. doi: 10.1063/1.2436857
[64]	Yin L, Albright B, Bowers K, et al. Three-dimensional dynamics of breakout afterburner ion acceleration using high-contrast short-pulse laser and nanoscale targets[J]. Physical review letters, 2011, 107(4): 045003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.045003
[65]	Qiao B, Shen X, He H, et al. Revisit on ion acceleration mechanisms in solid targets driven by intense laser pulses[J]. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2018, 61(1): 014039.
[66]	Esirkepov T Z, Bulanov S, Nishihara K, et al. Proposed double-layer target for the generation of high-quality laser-accelerated ion beams[J]. Physical review letters, 2002, 89(17): 175003. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.175003
[67]	Fourkal E, Velchev I, Ma C-M. Coulomb explosion effect and the maximum energy of protons accelerated by high-power lasers[J]. Physical Review E, 2005, 71(3): 036412. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036412
[68]	Ditmire T, Tisch J, Springate E, et al. High-energy ions produced in explosions of superheated atomic clusters[J]. Nature, 1997, 386(6620): 54-56. doi: 10.1038/386054a0
[69]	Nishihara K, Amitani H, Murakami M, et al. High energy ions generated by laser driven Coulomb explosion of cluster[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2001, 464(1-3): 98-102.
[70]	Shen X F, Qiao B, Zhang H, et al. Electrostatic capacitance-type acceleration of ions with an intense few-cycle laser pulse[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2019, 114(14).
[71]	Wilks S C, Langdon A B, Cowan T E, et al. Energetic proton generation in ultra-intense laser-solid interactions[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2001, 8(2): 542-549. doi: 10.1063/1.1333697
[72]	Mackinnon A J, Borghesi M, Hatchett S, et al. Effect of plasma scale length on multi-MeV proton production by intense laser pulses[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2001, 86(9): 1769-1772. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1769
[73]	Allen M, Patel P K, Mackinnon A, et al. Direct experimental evidence of back-surface ion acceleration from laser-irradiated gold foils[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2004, 93(26).
[74]	Fuchs J, Sentoku Y, Karsch S, et al. Comparison of laser ion acceleration from the front and rear surfaces of thin foils[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 94(4).
[75]	Schwoerer H, Pfotenhauer S, Jackel O, et al. Laser-plasma acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic protons from microstructured targets[J]. Nature, 2006, 439(7075): 445-448. doi: 10.1038/nature04492
[76]	Hegelich B M, Albright B J, Cobble J, et al. Laser acceleration of quasi-monoenergetic MeV ion beams[J]. Nature, 2006, 439(7075): 441-444. doi: 10.1038/nature04400
[77]	Margarone D, Klimo O, Kim I J, et al. Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration Enhancement by Nanostructured Foils[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 109(23).
[78]	Margarone D, Kim I J, Psikal J, et al. Laser-driven high-energy proton beam with homogeneous spatial profile from a nanosphere target[J]. Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams, 2015, 18(7).
[79]	Wagner F, Deppert O, Brabetz C, et al. Maximum Proton Energy above 85 MeV from the Relativistic Interaction of Laser Pulses with Micrometer Thick CH2 Targets[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116(20).
[80]	Steinke S, Henig A, Schnurer M, et al. Efficient ion acceleration by collective laser-driven electron dynamics with ultra-thin foil targets[J]. Laser and Particle Beams, 2010, 28(1): 215-221. doi: 10.1017/S0263034610000157
[81]	Henig A, Kiefer D, Markey K, et al. Enhanced Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration in the Relativistic Transparency Regime[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 103(4).
[82]	Kar S, Kakolee K F, Qiao B, et al. Ion Acceleration in Multispecies Targets Driven by Intense Laser Radiation Pressure[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 109(18).
[83]	Steinke S, Hilz P, Schnurer M, et al. Stable laser-ion acceleration in the light sail regime[J]. Physical Review Special Topics-Accelerators and Beams, 2013, 16(1).
[84]	Wang H Y, Lin C, Sheng Z M, et al. Laser Shaping of a Relativistic Intense, Short Gaussian Pulse by a Plasma Lens[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2011, 107(26).
[85]	Kim I J, Pae K H, Choi I W, et al. Radiation pressure acceleration of protons to 93 MeV with circularly polarized petawatt laser pulses[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2016, 23(7).
[86]	Higginson A, Gray R J, King M, et al. Near-100 MeV protons via a laser-driven transparency-enhanced hybrid acceleration scheme[J]. Nature Communications, 2018: 9.
[87]	Ma W J, Kim I J, Yu J Q, et al. Laser Acceleration of Highly Energetic Carbon Ions Using a Double-Layer Target Composed of Slightly Underdense Plasma and Ultrathin Foil[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 122(1).
[88]	Zhu J G, Zhu K, Tao L, et al. Distribution uniformity of laser-accelerated proton beams[J]. Chinese Physics C, 2017, 41(9).
[89]	Zhu J G, Wu M J, Liao Q, et al. Experimental demonstration of a laser proton accelerator with accurate beam control through image-relaying transport[J]. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 2019, 22(6).
[90]	Borghesi M, Campbell D H, Schiavi A, et al. Electric field detection in laser-plasma interaction experiments via the proton imaging technique[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2002, 9(5): 2214-2220. doi: 10.1063/1.1459457
[91]	Mackinnon A J, Patel P K, Town R P, et al. Proton radiography as an electromagnetic field and density perturbation diagnostic (invited)[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2004, 75(10): 3531-3536. doi: 10.1063/1.1788893
[92]	Wang W, Cai H, Teng J, et al. Efficient production of strong magnetic fields from ultraintense ultrashort laser pulse with capacitor-coil target[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2018, 25(8): 083111. doi: 10.1063/1.5000991
[93]	Shan L, Cai H, Zhang W, et al. Experimental evidence of kinetic effects in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion hohlraums[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2018, 120(19): 195001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.195001
[94]	Yang X Y, Xiao C J, Chen Y H, et al. 2D profile of poloidal magnetic field diagnosed by a laser-driven ion-beam trace probe (LITP)[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016, 87(11).
[95]	Roth M, Cowan T E, Key M H, et al. Fast ignition by intense laser-accelerated proton beams[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2001, 86(3): 436-439. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.436
[96]	Key M H. Status of and prospects for the fast ignition inertial fusion concept[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2007, 14(5).
[97]	Faenov A Y, Pikuz T A, Fukuda Y, et al. Ionography of nanostructures with the use of a laser plasma of cluster targets[J]. Jetp Letters, 2009, 89(10): 485-491. doi: 10.1134/S0021364009100038
[98]	Faenov A Y, Pikuz T A, Fukuda Y, et al. Submicron ionography of nanostructures using a femtosecond-laser-driven-cluster-based source[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(10).
[99]	Kellnberger S, Assmann W, Lehrack S, et al. Ionoacoustic tomography of the proton Bragg peak in combination with ultrasound and optoacoustic imaging[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016: 6.
[100]	Patel P K, Mackinnon A J, Key M H, et al. Isochoric heating of solid-density matter with an ultrafast proton beam[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2003, 91(12).
[101]	Mancic A, Levy A, Harmand M, et al. Picosecond Short-Range Disordering in Isochorically Heated Aluminum at Solid Density[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2010, 104(3).
[102]	Pelka A, Gregori G, Gericke D O, et al. Ultrafast Melting of Carbon Induced by Intense Proton Beams[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2010, 105(26).
[103]	Bulanov S S, Brantov A, Bychenkov V Y, et al. Accelerating protons to therapeutic energies with ultraintense, ultraclean, and ultrashort laser pulses[J]. Medical Physics, 2008, 35(5): 1770-1776. doi: 10.1118/1.2900112
[104]	Malka V, Fritzler S, Lefebvre E, et al. Practicability of protontherapy using compact laser systems[J]. Medical Physics, 2004, 31(6): 1587-1592. doi: 10.1118/1.1747751
[105]	Loeffler J S, Durante M. Charged particle therapy-optimization, challenges and future directions[J]. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2013, 10(7): 411-424. doi: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.79
[106]	Krushelnick K, Clark E L, Allott R, et al. Ultrahigh-intensity laser-produced plasmas as a compact heavy ion injection source[J]. Ieee Transactions on Plasma Science, 2000, 28(4): 1184-1189.
[107]	Antici P, Fazi M, Lombardi A, et al. Numerical study of a linear accelerator using laser-generated proton beams as a source[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2008, 104(12).
[108]	Antici P, Migliorati M, Mostacci A, et al. A compact post-acceleration scheme for laser-generated protons[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 2011, 18(7).
[109]	Wang W, Shen B, Zhang H, et al. Large-scale proton radiography with micrometer spatial resolution using femtosecond petawatt laser system[J]. AIP Advances, 2015, 5(10): 107214. doi: 10.1063/1.4934485
[110]	Teng J, Gu Y, Chen J, et al. Magnetic quadrupoles lens for hot spot proton imaging in inertial confinement fusion[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2016, 826: 15-20.
[111]	Jian T, Zong-Qing Z, Bin Z, et al. Time-resolved radiography using chirp-pulse proton beams[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2011, 28(3): 035203. doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/28/3/035203
[112]	Tabak M, Hammer J, Glinsky M E, et al. Ignition and High-Gain with Ultrapowerful Lasers[J]. Physics of Plasmas, 1994, 1(5): 1626-1634. doi: 10.1063/1.870664
[113]	Fernandez J C, Honrubia J J, Albright B J, et al. Progress and prospects of ion-driven fast ignition[J]. Nuclear Fusion, 2009, 49(6).
[114]	Fiorini F, Kirby D, Borghesi M, et al. Dosimetry and spectral analysis of a radiobiological experiment using laser-driven proton beams[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2011, 56(21): 6969-6982. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/21/013
[115]	Richter C, Karsch L, Dammene Y, et al. A dosimetric system for quantitative cell irradiation experiments with laser-accelerated protons[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2011, 56(6): 1529-1543. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/6/002
[116]	Boustani J, Grapin M, Laurent P-A, et al. The 6th R of radiobiology: reactivation of anti-tumor immune response[J]. Cancers, 2019, 11(6): 860. doi: 10.3390/cancers11060860
[117]	Mole R. Whole body irradiation—radiobiology or medicine?[J]. The British journal of radiology, 1953, 26(305): 234-241. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-26-305-234
[118]	McLaughlin M, Patin E C, Pedersen M, et al. Inflammatory microenvironment remodelling by tumour cells after radiotherapy[J]. Nature Reviews Cancer, 2020: 1-15.
[119]	Goto T. Radiation as an in situ auto-vaccination: Current perspectives and challenges[J]. Vaccines, 2019, 7(3): 100. doi: 10.3390/vaccines7030100

[1]	陈思富, 黄子平, 石金水. 带电粒子加速器的基本类型及其技术实现 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.190424
[2]	王馨梅, 郑泽彬, 范樱宝, 赖明玮, 魏锦禹, 吴新宇. 基于等离子体紫外辐射的强激光自动寻焦系统 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201931.190252
[3]	杨月, 赵宗清, 郑建华, 张天奎. 激光-近临界等离子体高能高亮度X射线的产生 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201729.170138
[4]	姚黎为, 王新兵, 刘璐宁, 左都罗. 脉冲CO₂激光烧蚀锡靶等离子体的数值研究 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.160170
[5]	郭璐婷, 韦敏习, 胡昕, 邓克力, 陈韬, 邓博, 张璐, 赵阳, 李晋, 肖绍球, 刘慎业. 基于激光等离子体研究的高性能扫描晶体谱仪（英） . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201628.022005
[6]	孙少华, 刘小亮, 孙铭泽, 曹瑜, 史彦超, 赵培茜, 胡碧涛. 飞秒激光低压镍等离子体光谱的实验研究 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.11884/HPLPB201426.052006
[7]	胡强林, 肖桂兰, 余晓光. 超强激光-等离子体相互作用过程中的辐射阻尼效应 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20132506.1379
[8]	唐恩凌, 张庆明, 马月芬, 相升海, 张薇, 杨明海, 李乐新, 于辉. 膨胀等离子体云的粒子密度时空分布 . 强激光与粒子束, doi: 10.3788/HPLPB20122405.1126
[9]	刘丽炜, 曲璐, 谭勇, 张喜和. 脉冲激光作用单晶硅的等离子体光谱分析 . 强激光与粒子束,
[10]	陈华英, 刘三秋. 激光在等离子体中的坍塌行径 . 强激光与粒子束,
[11]	刘红杰, 郑志坚, 谷渝秋, 王红斌, 陈家斌, 吴玉池, 王磊, 李镛周, 南性模, 韩载旻, 杨朝文. 超强超短脉冲激光诱发大尺度氘团簇聚变 . 强激光与粒子束,
[12]	阳庆国, 李泽仁, 彭其先, 陈光华, 叶雁, 刘寿先. 激光驱动X射线单色背光照相系统优化设计 . 强激光与粒子束,
[13]	许媛, 吴东江, 刘悦. 脉冲激光烧蚀Ge产生等离子体特性的数值模拟 . 强激光与粒子束,
[14]	李红霞, 楼祺洪, 董景星, 魏运荣. 准分子激光等离子体开关控制脉宽研究 . 强激光与粒子束,
[15]	郝东山, 谢红军. Compton散射下强激光等离子体空气冲击波波前的传输特性 . 强激光与粒子束,
[16]	蔡达锋, 谷渝秋, 郑志坚, 杨向东, 焦春晔, 陈豪, 周维民, 温天舒, 淳于书泰, 黄小军, 王晓东, 郭仪, 周凯南, 曾小明. 超短超强激光与固体靶相互作用中超热电子的角分布 . 强激光与粒子束,
[17]	于立春, 陈志华, 屠琴芬. 激光在等离子体中成丝特性的数值模拟 . 强激光与粒子束,
[18]	颜君, 屈一至, 李家明. 激光产生的等离子体透射谱模拟 . 强激光与粒子束,
[19]	屠琴芬, 俞汉清, 陈志华. 强激光等离子体耦合效应的数值模拟 . 强激光与粒子束,
[20]	丁永坤, 郑志坚, 唐道源, 刘慎业, 陈正林, 梅启庸, 祁兰英, 李三伟, 丁耀南, 刘忠礼. 0.53μm激光与等离子体相互作用实验研究 . 强激光与粒子束,

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 33
HTML全文浏览量: 27
PDF下载量: 12
被引次数: 0

全文HTML

激光驱动离子加速研究进展与激光技术息息相关。自1960年世界第一台红宝石激光器诞生以来^[1]，人们就致力于不断提高激光的强度和能量。调Q技术和锁模技术相继提出并使用之后，激光的峰值功率达到GW量级^{[2, 3]}，此时的激光光强已经高于${10^{13}}\;{\rm{ W/c}}{{\rm{m}}^2}$，原子在这样强的激光下会发生多光子电离和隧道电离等过程，激光和物质的相互作用进入激光等离子体物理领域。20世纪70年代，由于激光在诱发惯性约束核聚变（ICF）方面的前景，激光与等离子体相互作用过程开始被广泛研究。20世纪80年代，长脉冲激光驱动质子加速的方案开始被提出^[4]，但实验产生的离子能量还远远低于$1\;{\rm{ MeV}}$。20世纪80年代后期，随着啁啾放大技术（CPA）的诞生^[5]，使超短（几十个fs脉冲长度）超强（峰值功率达到PW水平）激光成为现实，此后激光的聚焦强度逐步提高，目前已经达到${10^{22}}\;{\rm{ W/c}}{{\rm{m}}^2}$量级^[6]。与此同时，激光离子加速的理论也在不断丰富，一系列新型离子加速机制被不断提出和证实。值得一提的是，早在1956年，Veksler等就提出了利用激光光压集体加速电子离子的设想^[7]。这对后来激光加速离子机制的研究，尤其是辐射光压加速机制的提出产生了重要影响。可以看到，高功率激光器的发展对于激光离子加速领域的推动起着至关重要的作用。在今后，随着激光技术的进一步发展（如薄膜压缩单周期激光^[8]，相干合束光纤激光器^[9]等技术的出现），激光强度和重复频率会得到进一步提高，这也将为激光离子加速提供新的机遇。

本文首先简要分析了超短超强激光驱动离子加速的物理机制和图像，然后详细介绍了目前已开展的激光驱动离子加速的实验研究，也以北京大学1%能散激光质子加速器装置为例阐明解决激光离子加速器现有瓶颈问题的可能途径，最后结合激光加速的特点列举了激光离子束的几种潜在应用。

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

激光离子加速研究与应用展望

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200090

作者简介:
吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
颜学庆（1977—），男，博士，教授，从事激光离子加速的理论、实验和应用研究；x.yan@pku.edu.cn

Laser-driven ion acceleration: development and potential applications

计量

激光离子加速研究与应用展望

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200090

1. 北京大学核物理与核技术国家重点实验室，北京 100871

2. 北京怀柔激光加速创新中心，北京怀柔 101407

3. 北京大学应用物理研究中心，北京 100871

作者简介:
吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者: 颜学庆（1977—），男，博士，教授，从事激光离子加速的理论、实验和应用研究；x.yan@pku.edu.cn

English Abstract

Laser-driven ion acceleration: development and potential applications

1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

2. Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101407, China

3. Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

全文HTML

1.1. 靶背鞘层加速机制

1.2. 辐射光压加速机制

1.2.1. 基本理论

1.2.2. 稳相光压加速机制

1.2.3. 横向不稳定性的起源与抑制

1.3. 其他加速机制

1.3.1. 无碰撞冲击波加速

1.3.2. 靶破烧蚀加速

1.3.3. 库伦爆炸加速

1.3.4. 单周期激光加速

2.1. 加速实验结果概述

2.2. 离子束收集与传输

2.3. 北京大学激光加速器（CLAPA）研究进展

3.1. 高能量密度等离子体电磁场诊断

3.2. 质子束透视成像

3.3. 激光离子等离子体探针（LITP）

3.4. 惯性核聚变质子快点火

3.5. 癌症质子治疗

目录

留言板

激光离子加速研究与应用展望

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200090

作者简介: 吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者: 颜学庆（1977—），男，博士，教授，从事激光离子加速的理论、实验和应用研究；x.yan@pku.edu.cn

Laser-driven ion acceleration: development and potential applications

计量

出版历程

激光离子加速研究与应用展望

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200090

1. 北京大学 核物理与核技术国家重点实验室，北京 100871 2. 北京怀柔激光加速创新中心，北京怀柔 101407 3. 北京大学 应用物理研究中心，北京 100871

作者简介: 吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者: 颜学庆（1977—），男，博士，教授，从事激光离子加速的理论、实验和应用研究；x.yan@pku.edu.cn

English Abstract

Laser-driven ion acceleration: development and potential applications

1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101407, China 3. Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

全文HTML

1.1. 靶背鞘层加速机制

1.2. 辐射光压加速机制

1.2.1. 基本理论

1.2.2. 稳相光压加速机制

1.2.3. 横向不稳定性的起源与抑制

1.3. 其他加速机制

1.3.1. 无碰撞冲击波加速

1.3.2. 靶破烧蚀加速

1.3.3. 库伦爆炸加速

1.3.4. 单周期激光加速

2.1. 加速实验结果概述

2.2. 离子束收集与传输

2.3. 北京大学激光加速器（CLAPA）研究进展

3.1. 高能量密度等离子体电磁场诊断

3.2. 质子束透视成像

3.3. 激光离子等离子体探针（LITP）

3.4. 惯性核聚变质子快点火

3.5. 癌症质子治疗

目录

作者简介:
吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

通讯作者:
颜学庆（1977—），男，博士，教授，从事激光离子加速的理论、实验和应用研究；x.yan@pku.edu.cn

1. 北京大学核物理与核技术国家重点实验室，北京 100871

2. 北京怀柔激光加速创新中心，北京怀柔 101407

3. 北京大学应用物理研究中心，北京 100871

作者简介:
吴学志（1997—），男，在读博士生，从事激光离子加速的理论研究；xuezhi_wu@pku.edu.cn

1. State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

2. Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101407, China

3. Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China