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气体火花开关电极烧蚀研究综述

罗城 丛培天 张天洋 罗维熙

罗城, 丛培天, 张天洋, 等. 气体火花开关电极烧蚀研究综述[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32: 105001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200114
引用本文: 罗城, 丛培天, 张天洋, 等. 气体火花开关电极烧蚀研究综述[J]. 强激光与粒子束, 2020, 32: 105001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200114
Luo Cheng, Cong Peitian, Zhang Tianyang, et al. Review of the research on electrode erosion of gas spark switch[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 105001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200114
Citation: Luo Cheng, Cong Peitian, Zhang Tianyang, et al. Review of the research on electrode erosion of gas spark switch[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 2020, 32: 105001. doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200114

气体火花开关电极烧蚀研究综述

doi: 10.11884/HPLPB202032.200114
详细信息
    作者简介:

    罗 城(1995—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为气体开关电极烧蚀;lc13145239409@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TM83;TL503

Review of the research on electrode erosion of gas spark switch

  • 摘要:

    气体火花开关是脉冲功率装置中最常用的关键器件。电极烧蚀作为脉冲功率开关中的难点问题,会引起开关自击穿电压降低、触发抖动增大及开关寿命降低,已成为制约气体开关发展和应用的一个瓶颈。本文回顾梳理了国内外学者针对电极烧蚀问题进行的一系列研究,从电极烧蚀理论和实验研究成果两个方面,介绍了电极烧蚀的基本机制及仿真模型,归纳了影响开关电极烧蚀的因素以及电极耐烧蚀材料的研究进展,最后讨论了电极烧蚀研究面临的问题以及优化电极材料抗烧蚀性能的方向。

  • 图  1  弧柱和电极表面截面示意图

    Figure  1.  Section diagram of arc column and electrode surface

    图  2  铜电极不同时刻的温度分布

    Figure  2.  Temperature distribution of copper electrode at different time

    图  3  烧蚀深度计算结果与实验结果

    Figure  3.  Calculation and experimental results of erosion depth

    图  4  不同间隙长度下阳极表面轮廓线

    Figure  4.  Anode surface profiles under different gap length

    图  5  不同电流下阳极表面轮廓线

    Figure  5.  Anode surface profiles under different current

    图  6  石墨-铜复合材料的烧蚀率

    Figure  6.  Erosion rate of graphite-copper composites

    图  7  电极烧蚀质量损失

    Figure  7.  Electrode erosion mass loss

    图  8  电极表面微观形貌

    Figure  8.  Micro morphology of electrode surface

    图  9  90WCu、90WNiFe、93WNiFe及97WNiFe阳极的微观形貌(216X)

    Figure  9.  Micro morphology of 90WCu、90WNiFe、93WNiFe and 97WNiFe anode(216X)

    表  1  电流峰值13 kA和电荷量17 mC时电极烧蚀特性

    Table  1.   Erosion characteristics of electrode at 13 kA peak current and 17 mC charge

    nanode cathode
    pit depth/μmheight of salient/μmerosion mass/ngpit depth/μmheight of salient/μmerosion mass/ng
    2 8.95 1.92 128.7 9.28 3.46 127.3
    5 8.77 3.42 97.0 7.46 4.95 98.9
    6 8.15 4.55 92.1 8.06 4.98 93.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  常见材料的物理参数及熔化“冲动性”参数[31-32]

    Table  2.   Physical and melting “impulsivity” parameters of common materials

    materialρ/(g·cm−3k/(W·cm−1·K−1c/(J·g−1·K−1Tm/Kmelting “impulsivity” parameter
    Cu-70%W 13.81 2.40 0.209 3061 8056
    graphite 2.25 2.50 0.720 3970 7989
    Cu-80%W 15.15 2.10 0.186 3216 7823
    W 19.25 1.73 0.134 3680 7774
    Cu-90%W 16.75 1.74 0.159 3302 7108
    Cu-50%W 10.78 2.80 0.260 2521 7062
    Mo 10.28 1.38 0.251 2896 5465
    Cu 8.96 4.01 0.385 1358 5051
    Ag 10.49 4.29 0.233 1235 3999
    Cr 7.14 0.87 0.440 1875 3099
    Au 19.30 3.18 0.129 1064 2994
    Fe 7.87 0.80 0.412 1809 2913
    Ni 8.80 0.90 0.439 1453 2709
    Al 2.70 2.39 0.897 934 2238
    Ti 4.51 0.22 0.523 1939 1396
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  国内外部分研究结果汇总表

    Table  3.   Summary of some research results at home and abroad

    researchersexperimental conditionsexperimental results
    (electrode erosion rate)
    peak value
    of discharge
    current/kA
    quantity of charge
    transferred by
    single discharge/C
    electrode
    spacing/mm
    experimental
    gas
    Donaldson et al[14] 240 3.85 10 open air Cu>Cu-Zr>Cu-Zr-Cr>Mo>CuC>
    Cu-Mo>W-Cu>graphite
    Gordon et al[16] 30 0.03 SF6/N2 W-Cu>graphite
    Chen Weiqing et al[27] 100 0.28 20 SF6 brass>stainless steel>W-Cu>graphite
    Yao Xueling et al[28] 0.23 10.5 15 air 304 stainless steel>W-Cu>graphite
    Budin et al[33] 800 360 H2 Al>Fe>Mo>W>W-Ni-Cu
    Xie Changming et al[34] 3.2 0.025 4 N2 Mo>W-Cu>W
    Koutsoubis et al[35] 1 67.5 79%N2/21%O2 Al>brass>stainless Steel>W-Cu
    Liu Yu et al[36] 20.7 0.0154 15 N2 Cu>W-Cu>Mo>stainless steel
    Bai Feng et al[37] 20 0.3 4 air Al alloy>Ti alloy>Ti>stainless
    steel>Cu-Zn>Mo>W-Cu
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-05-09
  • 修回日期:  2020-07-24
  • 刊出日期:  2020-09-29

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