Characteristic and impact of kinetic effects at interfaces of inertial confinement fusion hohlraums
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摘要: 在惯性约束聚变物理研究中，等离子体界面处的动理学效应及其时空演化特性近年来受到重点关注，因为它会显著影响激光能量沉积、激光等离子体不稳定性、辐照对称性、黑腔和内爆性能等诸多物理。准确描绘等离子体特征界面附近的动理学效应是惯性约束聚变物理设计的基本需求，也是高能量密度物理中的具有挑战且未完全解决的问题。重点回顾近几年来本团队围绕等离子体动理学效应及其影响开展的一些研究工作：（1）聚变黑腔中金等离子体与靶丸冕区等离子体边缘处的电场结构及其加速的高能离子对内爆对称性的影响；（2）激光光路上高Z-低Z等离子体界面处的电场产生机制及其导致的反常离子扩散对激光等离子体不稳定性的影响；（3）等离子体中电磁场结构的质子照相反演。Abstract: In the study of inertial confinement fusion physics, the characteristics, temporal and spatial evolution of kinetic effects at the plasma interfaces attract crucial interest recently because they can affect the laser energy deposition, laser plasma instabilities, radiation asymmetry and implosion performance. A successful design of inertial confinement fusion requires the accurate description of the temporal and spatial evolution of the kinetic effects at the plasma interfaces, which is also a very challenging and unresolved problem in high energy density physics. In this paper, we will review our recent researches on the kinetic effects and their influence on laser plasma instabilities and implosion performance: (1) Electrostatic field arisen in the hohlraum wall/ablator (or the low-density fill-gas) interpenetration region will result in efficient acceleration of high energy ions, which is a source of the low-mode asymmetry of the implosion capsule. (2) The mechanism for the electrostatic field generation and the anomalous mix in the interpenetration layer at the high-Z and low-Z plasma interface and its effects on the laser plasma instabilities. (3) Reconstruction of the spontaneous electric and magnetic fields through proton radiography.
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图 1 （a）神光III原型装置间接驱动近真空黑腔示意图，（b）动理学效应验证实验靶丸设计优化
Figure 1. （a） Schematic diagram of indirect-drive near-vacuum hohlraum target at Shengguang-III prototype laser facility，（b） optimization of the target design for the experimental demonstration of kinetic effects
图 2 PIC模拟得到的（a）电子和（b）离子相空间分布图；（c）平均离子密度（y方向平均）随时间变化图；（d）5 ns时刻冲击波前沿CD 离子能谱分布. 引自文献[18]
Figure 2. （a）Phase space of vx～x for（a）electrons and（b）ions；（c）The evolution of the plasma density averaged over the y-direction；（d）Energy spectra of the CD ions within the precursor region at t＝5 ps. This figure is reproduced from Ref [18]
图 3 （a）激光排布和（b）激光脉冲示意图，（c）138发和（d）147发测量的光谱，（e）138发和（f）147发的模拟光谱，引自文献[27]（将（b）图改为激光脉冲）
Figure 3. Sketch of （a） laser arrangement and （b） laser pulse. Streaked spectra of SBS for （c） the shot 138 and （d） the shot 147. Simulated spectra of SBS for （e） the shot 138 and （f） the shot 147. The figures are cited from Ref[27]
图 4 （a-d）典型ICF柱腔（Au）的辐射流体模拟流场分布图,（e）氦和金离子的相空间图,（f）不考虑和（g）考虑离子混合的SBS模拟光谱, 引自文献[27]和[28]
Figure 4. （a-d） Radiation hydrodynamic simulations by LARED-integration for a typical cylindrical Au hohlraum for ICF. （e） Phase space of He ions and Au ions. Simulated spectra of SBS （f） without and （g） with considering ion mix. The figure are cited from Ref. [27] and [28]
图 5 Weibel不稳定性（a）自生磁场
${B_y}$ 和（b）自生电场${E_x}$ 在t＝1.06 ps时的空间分布特征Figure 5. Spatial distribution of the self-generated（a）magnetic field
${B_y}$ and（b）electric field Ex of the Weibel instability at t＝1.06 ps
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