Design of high-performance dual-polarized rectenna for microwave wireless power transmission
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摘要: 设计了一款用于微波无线传能的5.8 GHz高效率双极化整流天线。该整流天线包含5.8 GHz双极化接收天线和5.8 GHz F类整流电路，并通过金属探针实现接收天线和整流电路的集成。接收天线为2×2微带阵列天线，采用了金属环加载技术提升天线的阻抗带宽和鲁棒性。采用金属探针代替常规微波接插件和线缆，实现了接收天线和整流电路的集成，该集成技术不仅简化了整流天线结构，还降低了整流天线的重量、损耗和成本。将双极化整流天线进行了加工和整流效率测试并将其与同样口径面积的线极化整流天线进行比较。实验测试结果表明，在1.47 mW·cm−2的最佳入射功率密度下，该双极化整流天线的最大转换效率达到76.8%。与线极化整流天线相比，当入射波极化方向在0°～90°变化时，双极化整流天线的转换效率始终保持在62%以上，具有稳定的直流输出，表现出良好的全极化接收整流性能。Abstract: This paper presents a 5.8 GHz high-efficiency dual-polarized rectenna for microwave wireless power transmission. The rectenna consists of a 5.8 GHz dual-polarized receiving antenna and a 5.8 GHz class-F rectifier. A metallic probe is used to integrate the receiving antenna and the rectifier. The receiving antenna is a 2×2 microstrip array antenna and the metal ring loading technology is adopted to improve the rectenna’s impedance bandwidth and robustness. The metal probe instead of the conventional microwave connector and cable is utilized to realize the integration of receiving antenna and rectifier circuit, thus simplifying the structure and reducing the weight, loss and cost of the rectifier antenna. A prototype of the dual-polarized rectenna is fabricated and its rectifying efficiency is measured and compared with the linear-polarized rectenna with the same aperture area. The measured results show that the maximum conversion efficiency of the dual-polarized rectifying antenna reaches 76.8% under the optimum incident power density of 1.47 mW·cm−2. Compared to the linear-polarized rectenna, when the polarization direction of the incident wave varies from 0° to 90°, the conversion efficiency of the rectenna antenna is always above 62% with stable DC output and the rectenna antenna exhibits excellent all-polarization receiving rectification performance.
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Key words:
- rectenna /
- dual-polarization /
- metallic ring-loaded /
- probe integration /
- conversion efficiency
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图 2 双极化接收天线加工实物图
Figure 2. Prototype of the fabricated dual-polarized receiving antenna
图 3 双线极化接收天线仿真与测试的S参数比较
Figure 3. Comparison of the simulated and measured S-parameters for the dual-polarized receiving antenna
图 4 双极化接收天线仿真与测试的方向图比较
Figure 4. Comparison of the simulated and measured radiation pattern of the dual-polarized receiving antenna
图 5 5.8 GHz F类整流电路的结构和加工实物
Figure 5. Schematic and photograph of the designed 5.8 GHz class-F rectifier
图 6 5.8 GHz F类整流电路仿真与测试的整流效率和输出电压比较
Figure 6. Comparison of simulated and measured rectifying efficiency and output voltage for the 5.8 GHz class-F rectifier
图 7 双极化接收天线在谐波频率处测试的反射系数
Figure 7. Measured reflection coefficients of the dual-polarized receiving antenna at high harmonic frequencies
图 8 接收天线和整流电路通过金属探针集成示意图
Figure 8. Schematic of the integration between receiving antenna and rectifier through metal probe
图 9 线极化和双极化整流天线的加工实物
Figure 9. Photographs of the fabricated dual-polarized and single-polarized rectenna
图 11 不同入射波极化角度下线极化整流天线的转换效率和输出直流功率与入射波功率密度的关系
Figure 11. Conversion efficiency and output DC power of linear-polarized rectenna under different incident angle and power densities
图 12 不同入射波极化角度下双极化整流天线的转换效率和输出直流功率与入射波功率密度的关系
Figure 12. Conversion efficiency and output DC power of dual-polarized rectenna under different incident angle and power densities
图 13 最佳入射功率密度下线极化和双极化整流天线输出直流功率与入射波极化角度的关系
Figure 13. Comparison of the output DC power between linear-polarized and dual-polarized rectenna under different incident angles
表 1 双线极化2×2微带阵列天线结构参数
Table 1. Structural parameters of the designed dual-polarized receiving antenna
(unit: mm) d1 d2 v1 v2 v3 v4 v5 w1 w2 w3 w4 13.3 17.3 8 6.525 8.8 18.5 15.4 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.4 h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 u1 u2 u3 u4 H 6.5 14.4 5.5 11.7 15.3 0.49 0.7 1.8 0.7 9 
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表 2 5.8 GHz F类整流电路结构参数
Table 2. Structural parameters of the 5.8 GHz class-F rectifer
(unit: mm) l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 z1 z2 8 3.4 2.8 1.2 1.8 7.3 5.3 2.4 0.6
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