Coupling analysis and reinforcement method of high electromagnetic pulse in typical optoelectronic systems
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摘要: 随着电磁环境的日益复杂，电子设备面临的电磁威胁愈加严峻。光电系统作为高灵敏集成化电子设备，强电磁脉冲能量耦合进入系统内部，影响防护能力本就薄弱的光电系统的正常运行。为明晰典型光电系统强电磁耦合过程，通过仿真分析不同强电磁辐照条件下筒型、侧窗型和多窗口型三种典型光电系统的强电磁耦合情况，提取了光电系统强电磁耦合特征及其制约因素，验证了光电系统进行强电磁防护加固的必要性和紧迫性。为解决光电系统强电磁防护能力薄弱的问题，通过仿真分析，验证了透明电磁防护窗口的强电磁加固效能；开展了基于支撑台阶与导电侧壁的电磁缝隙防护加固方法研究，分析了透明防护窗口缝隙耦合泄露的关键安装结构参数，提出了一种非电接触式装配缝隙强电磁防护加固方法。经测试，当缝隙防护结构长度为6 mm时，在0.2～4 GHz频率范围光电系统平均强电磁防护效能提升4.51 dB。研究结果为光电系统强电磁防护能力提升提供了理论指导和具体解决方案。Abstract: With the increasing complexity of the electromagnetic environment, the threats posed of electromagnetic weapons to electronic equipment are becoming increasingly serious. As a sensitive integrated electronic device, the optoelectronic system is coupled with high-power electromagnetic pulse energy. This can disrupt the normal operation of the optoelectronic system, especially when it lacks sufficient electromagnetic protection. To clarify the high-power microwave coupling process of typical optoelectronic systems including barrel type, side window type, multi-window type under different irradiation conditions, simulations and analyses are conducted. The characteristics of high-power microwave coupling in optoelectronic systems and their constraints are extracted. The necessity and urgency of protecting reinforcing optoelectronic systems with high-power microwave are verified. For addressing the issue of weak high-power microwave protection ability in optoelectronic systems, the simulation analysis verifies the effectiveness of reinforcing transparent electromagnetic protection windows for high-power microwave. The study focuses in the method of electromagnetic gap protection and reinforcement, which is based on the support step and the conductive side wall. The key parameters of the installation structure for the gap coupling leakage of transparent electromagnetic protection windows are analyzed, and a method of non-electric contact assembly gap high-power microwave protection and reinforcement method is proposed. When the length of the gap protection structure is 6 mm, the average high-power microwave protection efficiency of the 0.2−4 GHz optoelectronic system increases by 4.51 dB. The study provides theoretical guidance and specific solutions for enhancing the high-power microwave protection capability of optoelectronic systems.
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图 1 筒型光电系统结构尺寸和辐照角度示意图
Figure 1. Structure size diagram and irradiation angle diagram of tube optoelectronic system
图 2 筒型光电系统电磁耦合特性
Figure 2. High-power electromagnetic coupling characteristics of straight tube optoelectronic system
图 3 侧窗型光电系统应用场景、结构尺寸和辐照角度示意图
Figure 3. Application scenario, structure size and irradiation angle diagram of lateral window type optoelectronic system
图 4 侧窗型结构不同入射角度电场检测值
Figure 4. Electric field detection values of side window structure at different incident angles
图 5 侧窗型结构垂直极化与水平极化辐照下的强电磁耦合效应
Figure 5. High-power microwave coupling effect of side window structure under vertical and horizontal polarization irradiation
图 6 多窗口型光电系统
Figure 6. Structure size diagram and irradiation angle diagram of multi-window optoelectronic system
图 7 多窗口型光电系统电磁耦合特性
Figure 7. High-power electromagnetic coupling characteristics of multi-window optoelectronic system
图 8 装配缝隙结构示意图及三种典型光电系统加装透明防护光窗后理想条件与存在装配缝隙两种情况强电磁防护效能提升情况
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of assembly gap structure and coupling path, improvement of ΔSE in the optoelectronic system under ideal conditions and with assembly gaps after installing a transparent protective light window
图 9 透明防护光窗与设备壳体间的三个主要参数对系统强电磁防护效能的影响
Figure 9. Influence of three main parameters between the transparent protection window and the equipment shell on the high-power electromagnetic protection efficiency of the system
图 10 设置缝隙防护加固结构示意图和防护效能提升情况
Figure 10. Structural schematic diagram and protection efficiency improvement after setting the gap protection reinforcement structure
表 1 三种典型光电系统的强电磁耦合特性
Table 1. High-power microwave coupling characteristics of three typical optoelectronic systems
type of optoelectronic
systemfrequency/GHz resonance maximum coupling
irradiation angleirradiation angle
sensitivity rankingpolarization
sensitivity rankingmaximum coupling
E/(V·m−1)tube 2～10 √ 90° high low 70000 side window 0.8～10 √ 90° middle high 58556 multi window 0.9～10 √ 60° low low 33601 
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表 2 三种典型光电系统加装透明防护窗口理想条件与存在装配缝隙两种情况强电磁防护效能
Table 2. Three typical optoelectronic systems with transparent protective windows ideal conditions and high-power microwave protection effectiveness with assembly gaps
type of optoelectronic
systemforms an effective
electrical connection/dBwith assembly gaps/dB
(a=1 mm, h=1.5 mm, b=4 mm)assembly gaps
coupling effecttube 26.07 17.79 low side window 21.78 15.73 middle multi window 20.95 8.01 high
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